Fractional combustion apparatus



June 16, 1931. P. J. A. MAIGNEN 7 FRACTIONAL COMBUSTION APPARATUS FiledJuly 18. 1925 llVVf/VTOR:

Brasnm/tau fluausre MAIGWEN,

30 form of incandescent coke. I

In the above contemplated step by step.

Patented June 16, 1931 I UNIT-ED STATS mew,

r AcTIoivAL COMBUSTION nrrana rus' Application filed. July is,

tageously employed for the economical combustion of non-caking coals andfor fuel briquets made'of peat mixed with combustible oil, mixtures, ofbituminous coal and peat; bituminous coal, peat and oil; or any-otherkind-of fuel containing volatile combustible matter. Briquets of thecharacter above contemplated are the subject matter of my Letters Patentof the United States No. 1,503,907,

granted August 5th, 1924, and this application includes matter disclosedin that Letters Patent.

As hereinafter described, apparatus of the character hereincontemplated, is adapted to subject fuel to several distinct steps inthe process of combustion of the same. For instance, first, adessicating operation in which moisture is evaporated from the fuel.Sec- 0nd, a distilling operation in; which volatile combustible matteris liberated from the fuel and consumed as gas, as soon asevolved.Third, the operation of burning the fixed carbon or carbonized matter ofthe fuel, in the process of combustion, the different elements of thefuel do not interferewith one anA other during combustion, as is thecase in ordinary furnaces. -Consequently,suchstep by stepcombustionrenders available the entire energy of each element of the fuel, ashereinafter described. However, it is to be particularly noted that oneof the most valuable features of my invention is that there is no lossof sensible heat at any stage of the combustionof'the fuel. I 9

My invention includes the various novel features of construction,arrangement and procedure-hereinafter more definltely spec1- fled.However, it maybe here noted that, in its simplest form, myinventionincludes a container, with such openings as may be necessaryfor the introduction of fuel, for the escape of the non-combustible andcombustible .1925. se i l no. sense.

rrieE 4 .rnosrnr. JEAN A eus'rE MA LGNEN, on rnILAn LrI-IIA,PENNSYLVANIA volatile matter, and for the expulsion of the carbonizedmatter, after it has been deprived of the volatile matter;

Such a container,-

charged-with fuel, may be placed in a furnace or in; an oven-likechamber and subjected to heat. hen the temperature of the fuel in thecontainer has been raised to about two hundred twelve degrees F., themoisture in the fuel is vaporized and expelled, before any of thecombustible gases are liberated. The

controlling the escapeof closed, and the fuel container may be theWatery vapor is provided with another valve controlled conduit to directthe combustible the furnace, either above source of heat therein ifgases aforesaid into or below a flaming it is desired to thus effectcombustion of such gases. However, 7 such inflammable gases may beotherwise dis charged from the container; 1 When it is desired toseparate the light from the heavy hydrocarbon gases, the containeraforesaid may be provided with two outlets, preferably valve controlled,one arranged to deliver the light*hy drocarbon g ases to the furnaceabove the fire, and the other conduit arranged to deliver the heavyhydrocarbon gases below or into the fire.

When all the volatile matter is expelled from" the fuel, the carbonizedresidue of the fuel remaining in the container may be pushed out of thelatter into the furnace, to be there cons umed.

.My present inventionincludes the various novel features of constructionand -arrangement and procedure hereinafter more definitely specified. v

' In SillCl drawlngs; Fig.

of my invention.

FIg'IIis a diagramma I is a diagrammatic vertical sectional VlBVV of asteam generating boller and furnace embody ng a simple form view of alocomotive boiler and furnace embodying my invention.

Referring to the form of my invention shown. in Fig. I; the furnacecasing 1 supports the boiler 2 above the base fire grate 3, and the formof my invention applied thereto includes the fuel container 4 which isconveniently mounted upon rollers 5 so that it may be thrust through theopening 6 in the furnace wall, to the operative position shown, or bewithdrawn. Such construction and arrangement permit adjustment of theheating effect upon the container, and, consequently, the amount of fuelsupplied to the furnace. Moreover, to prevent destruction of thecontainer by excessive heat from the base fire, I provide said container4: with the acket 7 having the valve 8, at the inner end of saidcontainer and jacket, and having the-valve 9 controlling the admissionof air between said jacket and container; thus heat ing the air andcooling the container to any desired degree.

As above noted, said container 4 may be provided with openings for theescape of the non-combustible and combustible volatile matter, directlyinto the furnace.

Referring to the form of my invention shown in Fig. II; the locomotiveboiler 10 is provided with the base fire grate 11, and the embodiment ofmy invention applied thereto is of the type including a fuel container fand appurtenances, such as shown and described With reference to Fig. I;and including valve 12 controlling the fuel inlet 14.

As above noted the volatile matter distilled from the fuel may bepermitted to escape directly into the furnace. However, as shown in Fig.II; I prefer to provide the container 4 with the opening 28 leading tothe conduit 16 having the valve 17 controlling the escape of volatilematter into the chimney 18, and to provide the conduit 20 with branches21 and 22 arranged to direct such volatile matter respectively above andbelow the grate 11 in the furnace and respectively controlled by valves24 and 25.

The poker 26 may be reciprocated in the container 4 to push thecarbonized residue of the fuel from said container into the furnace, tobe there consumed.

I do not desire to limit myself to the precise details herein set forth,as it is obvious that various modifications may be made therein withoutdeparting from the essential features of my invention, as defined in theappended claims.

I claim:

1. In fractional combustion apparatus, the combination with a furnacecasing provided with a chimney vent; of means arranged to maintain abase fire in said casing; a hollow fuel container, constructed andarranged to be movable in and out of said casing to a variable extent;means, in said container, for

the introduction of raw fuel and means for the discharge of carbonizedmatter into said furnace casing; and means controlling the escape ofvolatile matter released from fuel in said container.

2. In fractional combustion apparatus, the combination with a furnacecasing provided with a chimney vent; of means arranged to maintain abase fire in said casing; a hollow fuel container, having a jacketprovided with a valve controlling the admission of air between saidjacket and container, constructed and arranged to be movable in and outof said casing to a variable extent; means, in said container, for theintroduction of raw fuel into said container and means for the dischargeof carbonized matter; and means in said container for the escape ofvolatile matter released from fuel in said container.

3. In fractional combustion apparatus, the combination with a furnacecasing provided with a chimney vent; of means arranged to maintain abase fire in said casing; a hollow fuel container, having a jacketprovided with a valve controlling the admission of air between saidjacket and container, constructed and arranged to be movable in and outof said casing to a variable extent; supporting rollers beneath saidcontainer; means, in said container, for the-introduction of raw fueland means for the discharge of carbonized matter into said furnacecasing; and means in said container for the escape of volatile matterreleased from fuel in said container.

4:. In fractional combustion apparatus; a hollow fuel container providedwith supporting rollers, for lengthwise movement; a acket for saidcontainer provided with a valve controlling the admission of airbet-ween said jacket and container; means for the introduction of rawfuel and means for the discharge of carbonized matter with respect tosaid container; and means controlling the escape of volatile mattertherefrom.

5. In fractional combustion apparatus, the combination with a furnacecasing provided with a chimney vent; of means arranged to maintain abase fire in said casing; a hollow fuel container, constructed andarranged to be movable in and out of said casing to a variable extent;means, in said container, for the introduction of raw fuel and means forthe discharge of carbonized matter into said furnace casing; and meansfor the escape of volatile matter from said container, includ ing aconduit leading from said container to said base fire maintaining means;whereby combustion of said volatile matter may be effected by said basefire.

6. In fractional combustion apparatus, the combination with a furnacecasing provided with a chimney vent; of means arranged to maintain abase fire in said casing; a hollow fuel container, constructed andarranged to be movable in and out of said casing to a variable extent;means, in said container, for the introduction of raw fuel and means forthe discharge of carbonized matter into said furnace casing; and meansfor the escape of volatile matter from said container, including aconduit leading from said container to discharge points respectivelyabove and below said base fire; whereby combustion of said volatilematter may be effected by said base fire.

7. In fractional combustion apparatus, the combination with a furnacecasing provided with a chimney vent; of a support for a base fire insaid casing; a hollow fuel container, movable in and out of said casingto a variable extent; closure means, carried by said container, adaptedfor normally secluding fuel in said container, but movable to dischargethe fuel from said container; movable means for the introduction of rawfuel to said container, and for the discharge of carbonized matter fromsaid container; and port means for the escape of volatile matter fromsaid container.

8. In fractional combustion apparatus, the combination with a furnacecasing provided with a chimneyvent; of a support for a base fire in saidcasing; a hollow fuel container, movable in and out of said casing to avariable extent; closure means, pivotally carried by said container,normally secluding fuel in said container and pivotally movable todischarge the fuel from said container; supporting rollers beneath saidcontainer; means, mounted to reciprocate in said container, for theintroduction of raw fuel to said container, and for the discharge ofcarbonized matter, from said container; and means for the escape ofvolatile matter from said container.

' 9. In fractional combustion apparatus, the combination with a furnacecasing provided with a chimney vent; of a support for a base fire insaid casing; a hollow fuel container, including a jacket, movable in andout of said casing to a variable extent; a valve controlling theadmission of air between said'jacket and container; closure means,carried by said container, and normally secluding fuel in saidcontainer, movable to permit the discharge of fuel from said container;supporting rollers beneath said container; hopper means for theintroduction of raw fuel to said container; pusher means for thedischarge of carbonized matter, from said container; and port means forthe escape of volatile matter from said container.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto signed my name at Philadelphia,Pennsylvania, this fifteenth day of July, 1925.

- PROSPER JEAN AUGUSTE MAIGNEN.

